An Analysis and Examination of Types of Science-Religion Relations

Document Type : The Quarterly Jornal

Authors

1 PhD student in Sociology, Faculty of social sciences, The Center for supplementary education, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate professor of the department for social sciences, Payam Noor University of Tehran, Iran. (Author in charge)

3 Professor of the department for social sciences, Payam Noor University of Tehran, Iran

4 Professor of the department for social sciences, University of Shahid Chamran Ahwaz, Iran

Abstract

Investigation of the nature of the relationship between science and religion, as two important sources of human knowledge, has always been the focus of attention of thinkers in various intellectual fields. This has led to the formation of a wide range of different viewpoints and theories about it. The analysis of these various viewpoints is of great importance in our society due to the constantly evolving discussions on the subject of religious science, and in particular, the "Islamic-human sciences". The present paper, while knowing the importance of this fact, tries to examine various models and theories related to the relationship between science and religion in an analytical-descriptive method. The findings show that there is no single point of view that can adequately cover all the complexities related to the relationship between science and religion, and therefore examining this relationship, as one of the necessary preconditions for the realization of religious science, requires going through homogeneity and relying on multiple and multilateral models

Keywords

Main Subjects


1. Alexander, D. (2007). Models for Relating Science and Religion, Faraday Papers, No. 3. Cambridge: The Faraday Institute for Science and Religion.
2. Alexander, DR. (2001). Rebuilding the Matrix: Science and Faith in the 21st Century. Oxford: Lion.
3. Alipour, M., & Hasani, S. H. R. (1389 AP). The ijtihad paradigm of religious knowledge. Qom: Research Institute of Hawzah and University. [In Persian].
4. Aron, R. (1386 AP). Main currents in sociological thought (B. Parham, Trans.). Elmi Farhangi Publishing Co. [In Persian].
5. Bagheri, Kh. (1382 AP). The identity of religious science, an epistemological view of the relationship between religion and the humanities. Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance Publications. [In Persian].
6. Barbour, I. G. (1392 AP). Religion and Science (P. Fathorchi, Trans.). Tehran: Research Institute for Islamic Culture and Thought. [In Persian].
7. Cole-Turner, R. (1998). Theology’s Future with Science. Address to the John Templeton Foundation Toronto Workshop on the Design of Academic Coursesin Science and Religion, University of Toronto, in Stahl, W.A. et al (2002) Webs of Reality: Social Perspectives on Science and Religion. Rutgers University Press.
8. Dawkins, R. (1995). River Out of Eden. New York: Basic Books.
9. Evans, J. H., & Evans, M. S. (2008). Religion and science: Beyond the epistemological conflict narrative. Annual Review of Sociology, (34), pp. 87-105.
10.Giddens, A. (1388 AP). Emile Durkheim (Y. Abazari, Trans.). Kharazmi Publications. [In Persian].
11.Golshani, M. (1377 AP). From secular science to religious science. Tehran: Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies. [In Persian].
12.Gould, S. J. (1997). Nonoverlapping magisteria. Natural History, 106(2), pp. 16 - 22.
13.Gould, S. J. (1999). Rocks of Ages: Science and Religion in the Fullness of Life. New York: Ballantine.
14.Hakimi, M. R. (1384 AP). School of Separation. Tehran: Dalilema. [In Persian].
15.Hasani, S. H. R., & Alipour, M., & Movahed Abtahi, S. M. T. (1387). Religious science (views and considerations). Qom: Research Institute of Hawzah and University. [In Persian].
16.Haught, J. (1385 AP). Science and religon: From comfict to conversation (B. Najafi, Trans.). Tehran: Taha Publications.
17.Javadi Amoli, A. (1386a AP). The status of reason in the geometry of religious knowledge. Qom: Esra. [In Persian].
18.Javadi Amoli, A. (1386b AP). Epistemology in. Qom: Esra. [In Persian].
19.Malekiyan, M. (1385 AP). Essence and existence of Islamic philosophy. Naqd Va Nazar, 1, 2(41-42). [In Persian].
20.Malekiyan, M. (1390 AP). A Way to Liberation, a Quest for Rationality and Spirituality. Tehran: Negah-e Moaser. [In Persian].
21.Mc Grath, A. E. (1384 AP). Christian theology: an introduction (B.
Haddadi, Trans.). Qom: Center for the Study and Research of Religions and Denominations.
22.Merton, R. K. 1970 (1938). Science, Technology and Society in Seventeenth-Century England. New York: Howard Fertig.
23.Mirbagheri, S. M. M. (1390 AP). Religious science, the tool for the realization of Islam in social practice. Collection of articles on religious science, views and considerations. [In Persian].
24.Movahed Abtahi, S. M. T. (1389 AP). Volunteerism as a basis for religious science in the theory of the Academy of Islamic Sciences. Marifat-i Kalami (Theological Knowledge), 1(4), pp. 179-208. [In Persian].
25.Nasr, S. H. (1391 AP). Islam, Science, Muslims and Technology, Conversation with Muzaffar Iqbal (H. Karami, Trans.). Tehran: Research Institute for Islamic Culture and Thought. [In Persian].
26.Parsania, H. (1387 AP). Reconstruction of modern science and re-reading of religious science. Journal of Strategy for Culture, (3), pp. 18-28. [In Persian].
27.Peters, T. (1998). Science and Theology: The New Consonance. Colorado & Oxford: Westview Press.
28.Sappington, A. A. (1991). The religion-science conflict. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 30(1), pp. 114 - 120.
29.Secretariat of the Free Thought Movement and Science Production. (1387 AP). An Introduction to Free Thought and Theory of Religious Sciences (Lecture Series). Qom: Bustaneketab.
30.Smith, C. (2003). The Secular Revolution: Power, Interests, and Conflict in the Secularization of American Public Life. Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press.
31.Soroush, A. (1373 b). Thicker than ideology. Tehran: Serat Cultural Institute. [In Persian].
32.Soroush, A. (1373a). Theoretical acquisition and development of Shari'a: The theory of the evolution of religious knowledge. Tehran: Serat Cultural Institute. [In Persian].
33.Stahl, W., Campbell, R. A., Petry , Y., & Diver, G. (2002). Webs of Reality: Social Perspectives on Science and Religion. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
34.Thomas, H. (1382 AP). Biographical encyclopedia of philosophy (F. Badrei, Trans.). Tehran: Elmi Farhangi Publishing Co.
35.Weber, M. (1946). From Max Weber: Essays in sociology (H. H. Gerth, & C. Wright Mills, Eds.), New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
36.Wernick, A. (2005). Comte, Auguste (G. Ritzer, Ed.). Encyclopedia of Social Theory, pp. 128 - 34. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
37.Worrall, J. (2002). Science Discredits Religion (M. L. Peterson & R.J. Van Arragon, Eds.). Contemporary Debates in Philosophy of Religion. Oxford: Blackwell.