An Anthropological Analysis of the Arbaeen Pilgrimage Using the Theory of Rites of Passage

Document Type : The Quarterly Jornal

Author

Assistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences, University of Isfahan

10.22081/jiss.2024.67437.2034

Abstract

Rites are a set of actions performed within a society for specific forms and purposes, claiming the influence of supernatural forces on people. Rites are divided into collective (at the societal level) and individual (at the personal level) categories. The Arbaeen pilgrimage belongs to the first category. The main aim of this paper is to demonstrate whether the Arbaeen pilgrimage can be defined as a rite of passage and as a form of resistance against the power of everyday life. This research initially uses a descriptive-analytical method, with data collected through document studies and note-taking tools, followed by participatory observation. As the results indicate, the Arbaeen pilgrimage aligns with Turner's evolved concept of liminality, with the components of this rite corresponding to the stages of the rite of passage. As expected, when analyzed into its rite’s components using Turner's rite of passage theory, this pilgrimage can be matched with the transition stages (separation, liminality, and incorporation). All elements of liminality, such as dynamism, homogeneity, equality and absence of rank, lack of ownership and property, silence, humility and modesty, and reference to mysterious powers, are observed in the communitas of pilgrims. Additionally, instances of communitas and liminality, as well as forms of transmitting the sacred, were also found in this pilgrimage. From the perspective of this research, the Arbaeen pilgrimage is an extraordinary display of disrupting the hierarchies and limitations and routines of everyday life, and an act of liberation from structural constraints and determinisms, reaching the pinnacle of human humanity and freedom.

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References

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Journal of Islam and Social Studies
Volume 12, Issue 45 - Serial Number 45
ExecutiveExpert
June 2024
Pages 38-66

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History

  • Receive Date: 27 September 2023
  • Revise Date: 09 October 2023
  • Accept Date: 29 June 2024

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