A Theoretical Framework for the Role of Dialogue in Enhancing Social Capital with Emphasis on Islamic Teachings and the Debates of Imam Reza (AS)

Document Type : The Quarterly Jornal

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran (Corresponding Author).

2 Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

The ability to communicate and engage in dialogue with others is an innate human trait. When conducted effectively, dialogue facilitates relationships and enhances social capital as a cohesive, unifying, and elevating factor. The aim and main issue of the present study is to examine the role and significance of dialogue in promoting social capital, with a focus on the debates of Imam Reza, using a qualitative method and a descriptive-analytical approach. The research findings are presented in the form of a theoretical model. This model demonstrates that Qur'anic and Imam Reza dialogues act as facilitators of relationships by embodying characteristics such as tolerance and gentleness in speech, honesty, special attention to the audience, understanding their perspective, respecting differences, politeness, cheerfulness, and brevity. These dialogues, by promoting constructive interactions, strengthening participation, cooperation, and empathy, as well as increasing cohesion, knowledge, and awareness, contribute to the enhancement of social capital components. Consequently, adherence to these principles leads to the improvement of lifestyle and the material and spiritual well-being of human society.

Keywords

Main Subjects


* The Holy Quran
Abbaszadeh, M., Alizadeh Aghdam, M., & Eslami Bonab, S. R. (2012). Examining the relationship between social capital and social anomie. Iranian Social Studies and Research, 1(1), pp. 145-172. [In Persian]
Abdollahi, M., & Mousavi, M. T. (2007). Social capital in Iran: Current status, future outlook, and transition feasibility. Journal of Social Welfare, 6(25), pp. 195-234. [In Persian]
Alguezaui, S., & Filieri, R. (2010). Investigating the role of social capital in innovation: Sparse versus dense networks. Journal of Knowledge Management, 14(6), pp. 891–909. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673271011084925
Arefi Minaabad, R. (2015). The necessity of dialogue and avoiding dispute in the Islamic world. Habl al-Matin, 4(10), pp. 37-51. [In Persian]
Arzani, H. R., & Rabbani Isfahani, H. (2012). The ethical communicative style of Imam Rida in interaction with followers of other religions, focusing on his debates. Journal of Ethics, 2(6), pp. 39-66. [In Persian]
Ashtiani, M., & Faezi, A. (1996). Foundations of education and Islamic ethics (1st ed.). Qom: Rouhani. [In Persian]
Atarodi, A. (1993). Musnad al-Imam al-Rida (Vol. 1, 2nd ed.). Beirut: Dar al-Safwah. [In Arabic]
Azkia, M., & Ghafari, G. (2017). Rural development with emphasis on rural society in Iran. Tehran: Ney. [In Persian]
Chalabi, M. (2005). Sociology of order: Theoretical explanation and analysis of social order. Tehran: Ney. [In Persian]
Chalabi, M., & Amir Kafi, M. (2006). A multilevel analysis of social isolation. Tehran: Ney. [In Persian]
Cigler, A., & Joslyn, M. R. (2002). The extensiveness of group membership and social capital: The impact of political tolerance attitudes. Political Research Quarterly, 55(1), pp. 7–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290205500102
Cohen, D., & Prusak, L. (2001). In good company: How social capital makes organizations work. Harvard Business School Press.
Emadzadeh, H. (2014). The life of the Fourteen Infallibles (Vols. 1 & 2, 28th ed.). Tehran: Tolou. [In Persian]
Faezi, A. (1996). The role of punishment in education and upbringing (3rd ed.). Tehran: Feiz Kashani. [In Persian]
Feiz Kashani, M. M. b. S. M. (1986). Al-Wafi (Vol. 5). Isfahan: Imam Amir al-Mu'minin Library. [In Arabic]
Fine, B. (2006). Social capital and social theory: Political economy and social science in the third millennium (M. K. Sarvarian, Trans.). Tehran: Strategic Studies Research Institute. [In Persian]
Ghadamzan Jalali, A. (2011). Social capital and its role in developing knowledge management and knowledge-based organizations. Management Engineering Monthly, 5(43), pp. 30-38. [In Persian]
Gilani, N., Jamini, D., & Abbasi, A. (2015). The role of Quranic teachings in uniting different ethnic groups in early Islam. 7th Congress of Pioneers of Progress. Tehran: National Library. [In Persian]
Halwani, H. b. M. (1988). Nuzhat al-Nazir wa Tanbih al-Khatir. Qom: Madrasat al-Imam al-Mahdi. [In Arabic]
Harani, I. Sh. (2004). Tuhaf al-Uqul (S. Hasanzadeh, Trans., 3rd ed.). Qom: Al Ali. [In Persian]
Hashemi Ardakani, S. H., & Mirshah Jafari, S. E. (2008). The method of scientific debate in the educational conduct of the Infallible Imams: A case study of Imam Riḍā’s debates. Islamic Education Scientific-Professional Journal, 3(7), pp. 7–21. [In Persian]
Hor Amili, M. b. H. (1993). Wasa'il al-Shia (Vols. 8 & 15). Qom: Al al-Bayt Institute. [In Arabic]
Ibn Babewaye, M. b. A. (1978). Al-Tawhid. Qom: Jamiat al-Mudarrisin. [In Arabic]
Ibn Babewaye, M. b. A. (2004). Uyun akhbar al-Rida (Vols. 1, 2, & 3, A. A. Ghafari, Trans.). Tehran: Saduq. [In Persian]
Jafarian, M., & Masjed Jamei, M. (2015). Theoretical perspectives on interfaith dialogue in Iran. Comparative Theology, 6(13), pp. 105–120. [In Persian]
Khanifar, H., Faraji, A., Mohammadi-Torkamani, E., & Almasizadeh, S. (2023). Examining the structural role of smart education in creating and developing social capital. Social Capital Management, 10(1), pp. 48-61. [In Persian]
Khaniki, H. (2004). From linguistic meaning to global meaning of dialogue. Iranian Journal of Sociology, 5(1), pp. 90-113. [In Persian]
Kowsari, M. (2008). Semiotics of mass media. Journal of Media, 73, pp. 31-53. [In Persian]
Kulayni, M. b. Y. (1984). Al-Kafi (Vols. 2, 6, & 8). Tehran: Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiya. [In Arabic]
Majlesi, M. B. (1983). Bihar al-Anwar. Tehran: Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiya. [In Arabic]
Miller, S. D., & Sears, D. O. (1986). Stability and change in social tolerance: A test of the persistence hypothesis. American Journal of Political Science, 30(1), pp. 214–236. https://doi.org/10.2307/2111299
Mousavi Khamene, M., & Hassanpour Doroodgar, Z. (2012). An analytical-comparative study of social capital in favorable and unfavorable neighborhoods of Tehran. Iranian Social Issues, 3(6), pp. 203–228. [In Persian]
Myers, G. E., T., M., & Myers. (2004). The dynamics of human communication (H. Saber Amoli, Trans., 1st ed.). Tehran: Faculty of Radio and Television. [In Persian]
Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), pp. 242–266. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1998.533225
Pak Seresht, S. (2014). Considerations and strategies for enhancing social capital. Rahbord Farhang, 7(25), pp. 72-106. [In Persian]
Paya, A. (2002). Dialogue in the real world: A futile effort or an inevitable necessity? Tehran: Tarh-e No. [In Persian]
Piran, M., Aghajani, T., Shoghi, B., Rezazadeh, A., & Dehghan Najmabadi, A. (2012). Examining the impact of social capital on employee creativity in Iran's foundry industries (Case study: Kaveh Industrial City employees). Innovation and Creativity in Humanities, 2(1), pp. 163-182. [In Persian]
Piran, P. (2013). Conceptual and theoretical foundations of social capital. Tehran: Elm. [In Persian]
Portes, A. (1998). Social capital: Its origins and applications in modern sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 24, pp. 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev. soc. 24.1.1
Putnam, R. (2002). Democracy and civic traditions: The experience of Italy and lessons for transitional countries (M. T. Delforooz, Trans.). Tehran: Salam Newspaper. [In Persian]
Putnam, R. D. (2002). Social capital: Measurement and consequences. OECD. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/25/6/1825848.pdf
Qayoumi, J. (1994). Sahifat al-Rida. Qom: Islamic Publications Office. [In Persian]
Rafiipur, F. (2008). Anomie or social disorder: A study on the potential for anomie in cities. Tehran: Soroush. [In Persian]
Rahimi, S., & Amuri, N. (2015). Reviving the culture of dialogue and the necessity of Islamic world convergence. Habl al-Matin, 4(10), pp. 101-116. [In Persian]
Rahmani, M., & Kavusi, E. (2008). Measuring and comparing social capital in public and private sectors (1st ed.). Tehran: Islamic Azad University, Vice Presidency for Research in Development of Science Production. [In Persian]
Rasoulzadeh, B., Rastgarpour, H., Reza Sarmadi, M., & Farajollahi, M. (2014). Examining the role of distance education in creating social capital and providing an appropriate model for its enhancement in higher education. Educational Planning Studies, 2(3), pp. 83-106. [In Persian]
Saadat, A. (2006). The Prophet’s tolerance toward opponents and dissenters. Tolou, 20(78), 74-98. [In Persian]
Sadouq (Sheikh Sadouq), M. b. A. (2011). Uyūn akhbār al-Riḍā. Qom: Payam Alamdar. [In Persian]
Serajzadeh, S. H., Shariati Mazinani, S., & Saber, S. (2004). Examining the relationship between religiosity and social tolerance. Social Sciences Journal, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 1(4), pp. 42-109. [In Persian]
Sheikh Sadouq, M. b. A. (1983). Man la yahduruhu al-Faqih. Qom: Jameat al-Modarresin. [In Arabic]
Soltani, A. (2005). Center for Interfaith Dialogue (Esfahan, Baharestan New City) (Master’s thesis, Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Tehran). Tehran: University of Tehran. [In Persian]
Tajbakhsh, K. (2010). Social capital (trust, democracy, and development) (A. Khakbaz & H. Pouyan, Trans., 3rd ed.). Tehran: Shirazeh. [In Persian]
Tamimi Amadi, A. b. M. (1989). Ghorar al-Hikam wa Durar al-Kalim (S. M. Rajaei, Ed., 2nd ed.). Qom: Dar al-Kutub al-Islami. [In Arabic]
Vaezi, S. H., Toofan-Fard, K., & Saadatmand, Z. (2022). The status and concept of dialogue and inquiry in the teachings of Imam Ali. Research on Islamic Education Issues, 57, pp. 117–150. [In Persian]
Walzer, M. (2004). On tolerance (S. Najafi, Trans.). Tehran: Shirazeh. [In Persian]